Birth Control

Oral contraceptives effectively prevent unplanned pregnancy but do not protect against STDs, STIs, or HIV, unlike condoms. They are not recommended for women with a history of blood clots due to potential cardiovascular risks or for those who smoke.

There are two main types of oral contraceptives: combination pills, which contain both estrogen and progestin, and progestin-only pills (mini-pills). Combination pills are more commonly prescribed and work by preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and altering the uterine lining to reduce the chance of pregnancy. Progestin-only pills primarily thicken cervical mucus and may also suppress ovulation. While highly effective when taken consistently, missing doses can decrease their reliability, making backup contraception necessary in some cases.

Effectiveness and Proper Usage of Oral Contraceptives

For maximum effectiveness, oral contraceptives must be taken consistently at the same time each day. Combination pills offer a slight flexibility in timing, whereas progestin-only pills require stricter adherence. Missing doses can reduce effectiveness, increasing the risk of pregnancy. In such cases, using a backup contraceptive method, like condoms, is recommended.

Potential Side Effects and Health Considerations

Oral contraceptives may cause side effects such as nausea, headaches, mood changes, and irregular bleeding, especially during the first few months of use. While most symptoms are mild and temporary, some women may experience more serious risks, including blood clots, high blood pressure, or an increased risk of certain cancers. It is important to discuss personal health history with a healthcare provider to determine the safest and most suitable contraceptive option.